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International Journal of Tourism and Cultural Heritage (IJTCH) December 2025, Vol.1, No.4

Beyond Staged Authenticity: The Critical Turn and Future Agenda for Cultural Heritage Authenticity in the Digital Age

Zheng Chen¹, Qiyue Zhang², Zhuoting Gan¹*

¹School of Tourism, Huangshan University, Huangshan, Anhui 245041, China ²School of Educational Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, Anhui 245041, China

Abstract: The pervasive application of digital technologies poses profound challenges to the conceptualization and praxis of cultural heritage authenticity. This study seeks to transcend the conventional analytical framework of “staged authenticity” by systematically interrogating the theoretical reconstruction and stakeholder power dynamics surrounding authenticity in the digital context. Adopting a critical narrative review approach, this article moves beyond techno-centric optimism or conservative skepticism to elucidate a paradigm shift from material fidelity to “processual authenticity.” It conceptualizes digital authenticity not as a static attribute but as a dynamic negotiation mediated by algorithmic logic, data ethics, and stakeholder contestation. The findings propose a governance framework that prioritizes the transparency of the digitization process and the subjectivity of source communities, providing a theoretical roadmap for navigating the ethical complexities of the “hyper-real” era.

Keywords: digital heritage, authenticity, critical heritage studies, digital technology, cultural heritage governance, processual authenticity

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